Compare Jan Mayen (2005) - Cambodia (2004)

Compare Jan Mayen (2005) z Cambodia (2004)

	Jan Mayen (2005)	Cambodia (2004)

Administrative divisions	-	20 provinces (khaitt, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities (krong, singular and plural) provinces: Banteay Mean Chey, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Koh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Chey, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanakir, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takao municipalities: Keb, Pailin, Phnom Penh, Preah Sihanouk (formerly Kompong Som)
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 38.3% (male 2,583,606; female 2,534,460) 15-64 years: 58.6% (male 3,742,178; female 4,095,303) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 149,466; female 258,408) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca
Airports	1 (2004 est.)	20 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 14 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 373 sq km land: 373 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 181,040 sq km land: 176,520 sq km water: 4,520 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Oklahoma
Background	This desolate, mountainous island was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the following centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg volcano resumed activity in 1970; it is the northernmost active volcano on earth.	Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, whose Angkor Empire extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Subsequently, attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire ushering in a long period of decline. In 1863, the king of Cambodia placed the country under French protection; it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia became independent within the French Union in 1949 and fully independent in 1953. After a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in April 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; at least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, enforced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, led to a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a ceasefire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy and the final elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The July 2003 elections were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. Nation-wide local elections are scheduled for 2007 and national elections for 2008.
Birth rate	-	27.13 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $476.5 million expenditures: $734.8 million, including capital expenditures of $291 million of which 75% was financed by external assistance (2003 est.)
Capital	-	Phnom Penh
Climate	arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog	tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	124.1 km	443 km
Constitution	-	promulgated 21 September 1993
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Jan Mayen	conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia conventional short form: Cambodia local long form: Preahreacheanacha Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation) local short form: Kampuchea former: Kingdom of Cambodia, Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia
Currency	-	riel (KHR)
Death rate	-	9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	-	$2.4 billion (2002 est.)
Dependency status	territory of Norway; since August 1994, administered from Oslo through the county governor (fylkesmann) of Nordland; however, authority has been delegated to a station commander of the Norwegian Defense Communication Service	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	chief of mission: Ambassador Charles Aaron RAY embassy: 27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546 telephone: [855] (23) 216-436/438 FAX: [855] (23) 216-437/811
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	chief of mission: Ambassador EK SEREYWATH chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742 FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381
Disputes - international	none	land boundary disputes persist among Cambodian claims that Thailand and Vietnam moved or destroyed boundary markers; maritime boundary with Vietnam is hampered by dispute over offshore islands; Cambodia periodically accuses Thailand of obstructing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; 2003 anti-Thai riots in Phnom Penh resulted in the destruction of the Thai Embassy, damage to 17 Thai-owned businesses, and disputes over full payment of compensation
Economic aid - recipient	-	$548 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2001 by international donors (actual disbursement in 2002 was about $500 million)
Economy - overview	Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations on the island.	Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-1998 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment and tourism fell off. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms. Growth resumed and has remained about 5.0% during 2000-2003. Tourism was Cambodia's fastest growing industry, with arrivals up 34% in 2000 and up another 40% in 2001 before the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in the US. Cambodia expects 1 million foreign tourists in 2004. Economic growth has been largely driven by expansion in the clothing sector and tourism. Clothing exports were fostered by the U.S.-Cambodian Bilateral Textile Agreement signed in 1999. Even given Cambodia's recent growth, the long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fear of renewed political instability and a dysfunctional legal system coupled with government corruption discourage foreign investment. The Cambodian government continues to work with bilateral and multilateral donors to address the country's many pressing needs. The major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance. About 60% of the population is 20 years or younger; most of these citizens will seek to enter the workforce over the course of the next 10 years.
Electricity - consumption	-	110.6 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	-	119 million kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m highest point: Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg 2,277 m	lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
Environment - current issues	NA	illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	-	Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
Exchange rates	-	riels per US dollar - 3,973.33 (2003), 3,912.08 (2002), 3,916.33 (2001), 3,840.75 (2000), 3,807.83 (1999)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004) head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985) and Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992), Norodom SIRIVUDH, SOK AN, LU LAY SRENG, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG, NHEK BUNCHHAY (since 16 July 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers in theory appointed by the monarch; in practice named by the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the king
Exports	-	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	-	Clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear
Exports - partners	-	US 58.4%, Germany 10.3%, UK 7.2% (2003)
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of Norway is used	three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band; only national flag to incorporate a building in its design
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $25.02 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 35% industry: 30% services: 35% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $1,900 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	5% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	71 00 N, 8 00 W	13 00 N, 105 00 E
Geography - note	barren volcanic island with some moss and grass	a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap
Heliports	-	2 (2003 est.)
Highways	-	total: 12,323 km paved: 1,996 km unpaved: 10,327 km (2000 est)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: 2.9% highest 10%: 33.8% (1997)
Illicit drugs	-	narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders
Imports	-	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	-	petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products
Imports - partners	-	Thailand 26.4%, Hong Kong 14.4%, Singapore 11.8%, China 11.3%, Vietnam 8.3%, Taiwan 8%, South Korea 4.1% (2003)
Independence	-	9 November 1953 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate	-	22% (2002 est.)
Industries	-	tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 73.67 deaths/1,000 live births male: 82.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 64.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	1.7% (2003 est.)
International organization participation	-	ACCT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	2,700 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority
Labor force	-	7 million (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture 75% (2003 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 2,572 km border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)	arable land: 20.96% permanent crops: 0.61% other: 78.43% (2001)
Languages	-	Khmer (official) 95%, French, English
Legal system	the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply	primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years
Legislative branch	-	bicameral consists of the National Assembly (123 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held 27 July 2003 (next to be held in July 2008); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (scheduled to be held in 2004 but delayed) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 47%, SRP 22%, FUNCINPEC 21%, other 10%; seats by party - CPP 73, FUNCINPEC 26, SRP 24; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7, other 2 (July 2003)
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 58.41 years male: 55.71 years female: 61.23 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 69.4% male: 80.8% female: 59.3% (2002)
Location	Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland	Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
Map references	Arctic Region	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 4 nm contiguous zone: 10 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
Merchant marine	-	total: 467 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,913,910 GRT/2,713,967 DWT by type: bulk 42, cargo 360, chemical tanker 6, combination bulk 3, container 13, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 4, multi-functional large load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 16, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea/passenger 2 foreign-owned: Algeria 2, Angola 1, Aruba 1, Bahamas 1, Belize 10, British Virgin Islands 7, Bulgaria 1, Canada 4, China 35, Cyprus 14, Egypt 8, Finland 1, France 1, Georgia 1, Germany 1, Gibraltar 1, Greece 9, Honduras 8, Hong Kong 12, Indonesia 2, Iran 1, Italy 2, Japan 1, Jordan 1, North Korea 2, South Korea 31, Lebanon 2, Liberia 7, Malaysia 1, Malta 2, Marshall Islands 11, Netherlands 2, Nigeria 2, Norway 1, Panama 8, Romania 1, Russia 81, Saint Kitts and Nevis 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, Samoa 2, Singapore 7, Spain 1, Syria 19, Taiwan 1, Turkey 11 registered in other countries: 19 (2004 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Norway	-
Military branches	-	Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$112 million (FY01 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	3% (FY01 est.)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 3,402,703 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 1,899,710 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 170,072 (2004 est.)
National holiday	-	Independence Day, 9 November (1953)
Nationality	-	noun: Cambodian(s) adjective: Cambodian
Natural hazards	dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970	monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts
Natural resources	none	oil and gas, timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential
Net migration rate	-	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	Cambodian Pracheachon Party (Cambodian People's Party) or CPP [CHEA SIM]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM Ranariddh]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM RANGSI]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: personnel operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station (July 2005 est.)	13,363,421 note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	36% (1997 est.)
Population growth rate	-	1.8% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	Kampong Som (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh, Sre Ambol, Keo Phoh Port (privately owned) (2003)
Radio broadcast stations	AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA note: there is one radio and meteorological station (1998)	AM 2, FM 17, (2003)
Railways	-	total: 602 km narrow gauge: 602 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)
Religions	-	Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.58 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	-	general assessment: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas domestic: NA international: country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	35,400 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	380,000 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	-	7 (2003)
Terrain	volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers	mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Total fertility rate	-	3.51 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	2.5% (2000 est.)
Waterways	-	2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2004)

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